The Basic and Applied researches are generally of two kinds:
Normal research in any discipline follows a set of values, concepts, and techniques known as a paradigm, which is widely accepted by scientists in that field. The normal study is similar to putting together a puzzle: new, even beautiful, solutions emerge, but the rules remain the same. Occasionally, unexpected novel outcomes and discoveries emerge in the course of routine research that challenges the prevailing paradigm.
The scientists develop a stressful situation, which worsens until a scientific revolution is reached. A paradigm shift happens, resulting in the emergence of a new paradigm, allowing normal scientific work to resume.